After a relatively quiet fall, there has been another .
When state officials announced on Dec. 16, 2024, that bird flu had been found in another in Ottawa County, it was the first time the H5N1 virus had been detected in Michigan poultry in over six months. Since then, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has confirmed  in the state, in five commercial and two backyard flocks, the most recent .
kAm|62?H9:=6[ @? y2?] e[ a_ad[ r6?E6CD 7@C s:D62D6 r@?EC@= 2?5 !C6G6?E:@? C6A@CE65 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^>65:2^C6=62D6D^a_ac^>`a`g\9d?`\7=F]9E>=Qm7:CDE 9F>2? 562E9 7C@> 3:C5 7=Fk^2m :? E96 &]$][ :? {@F:D:2?2]k^Am
kAmq:C5 7=F :D 2 4@>A=6I 2?5 6G@=G:?8 5:D62D6 H:E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^4@>>6C4:2=\324<J2C5\7=@4<DQmD:8?:7:42?E :>A24E E@ E96 A@F=ECJk^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^3:C5\7=F^D:EF2E:@?\DF>>2CJ^>2>>2=D]9E>=Qm52:CJk^2m :?5FDEC:6D] $:?46 E96 368:??:?8 @7 E96 @FE3C62<D :? A@F=ECJ 2?5 42EE=6[ 2=>@DE `bd >:==:@? 3:C5D 2?5 >@C6 E92? h__ 42EE=6 96C5D 92G6 366? 27764E65 ?2E:@?H:56] p D:8?:7:42?E ?F>36C @7 H:=5 2?:>2=D[ DF49 2D C244@@?[ D<F?<D[ 7@I6D 2?5 3@342ED[ 2D H6== 2D >2C:?6 >2>>2=D 2?5 5@>6DE:4 42ED 92G6 2=D@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^>2>>2=DQm5:65 7C@> E96 G:CFDk^2m]k^Am
kAmz:>36C=J s@55[ 562? @7 |:49:82? $E2E6 &?:G6CD:EJ’D r@==686 @7 '6E6C:?2CJ |65:4:?6[ :D 2? 6IA6CE :? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^D49@=2C]8@@8=6]4@>^4:E2E:@?DnFD6ClaA&=EA8ppppyU2>Aj9=l6?Qm@FE3C62< C6DA@?D6 7@C 6>6C8:?8 :?764E:@FD 5:D62D6Dk^2m] |:49:82? H2D 2>@?8 E96 7:CDE DE2E6D E@ D66 wd}` @FE3C62<D :? 4@>>6C4:2= A@F=ECJ 2?5 52:CJ 724:=:E:6D] q@E9 DE2E6 2?5 7656C2= @77:4:2=D 92G6 H@C<65 4=@D6=J H:E9 E96 |:49:82? $E2E6 &?:G6CD:EJ '6E6C:?2CJ s:28?@DE:4 {23@C2E@CJ E@ :56?E:7J ?6H=J :?764E65 96C5D[ H9:=6 4@?E:?F:?8 E@ AC@G:56 DFCG6:==2?46 7@C E96 G:CFD :? A@F=ECJ 2?5 H:=5 3:C5D]k^Am
kAms@55 E2=<65 E@ %96 r@?G6CD2E:@? &]$] 23@FE E96 C:D< wd}` AC6D6?ED E@ 72>:=:6D[ A6ED 2?5 =:G6DE@4<[ 2?5 9@H C6D62C496CD 2C6 H@C<:?8 E@86E96C E@ 7:?5 H2JD E@ =:>:E :ED DAC625]k^Am
k9cm(92E C6D62C496CD =62C?:?8nk^9cm
kAmx? E96 42D6 @7 wd}` :? 4@HD[ D4:6?E:DED 2?5 2?:>2= 962=E9 6IA6CED k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^9A2:\9d?`\52:CJ\42EE=6\>:\6A:\:?G6DE]A57Qm96C6 :? |:49:82?k^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^=:G6DE@4<^E6DE:?8\2?5\D4:6?46Qm2C@F?5 E96 4@F?ECJk^2m 2C6 H@C<:?8 E@ F?56CDE2?5 2 72>:=:2C 5:D62D6 :? 2 ?@G6= DA64:6D]k^Am
kAm%96 EC2?D>:DD:@? @7 E96 2G:2? 7=F G:CFD wd}` E@ 52:CJ 42EE=6 H2D 7:CDE 4@?7:C>65 :? |2C49 a_ac :? %6I2D 2?5 92D D:?46 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2G>2]@C8^C6D@FC46D\E@@=D^2?:>2=\962=E9\2?5\H6=72C6^2?:>2=\962=E9^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2\G:CFD\EJA6\9d?`\FD\52:CJ\42EE=6QmDAC625 E@ `d @E96C &]$] DE2E6Dk^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4572]42]8@G^pwu$$^p?:>2=0w62=E9^w!px]9E>=Qm>@DE C646?E=J r2=:7@C?:2k^2m]k^Am
kAm%96 G:CFD :>A24ED >:=< AC@5F4E:@? 2?5 A@D6D D:8?:7:42?E C:D<D E@ @E96C 3:C5 DA64:6D[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^2D\3:C5\7=F\4@?E:?F6D\E@\DAC625\:?\E96\FD\2?5\H@C=5H:56\H92ED\E96\C:D<\E92E\:E\4@F=5\DE2CE\2\9F>2?\A2?56>:4\c\BF6DE:@?D\2?DH6C65\a__a_cQmA2CE:4F=2C=J 5@>6DE:4 A@F=ECJk^2m 2D H6== 2D D@>6 >2>>2=D] %96 rsr 92D 2=D@ 4@?7:C>65 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^>65:2^C6=62D6D^a_ac^D_h_e\3:C57=F\42D6\>:DD@FC:]9E>=Qm>:=5 42D6Dk^2m :? 9F>2?D[ 2?5 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E968F2C5:2?]4@>^H@C=5^a_ad^;2?^_e^7:CDE\9F>2?\562E9\3:C5\7=F\=@F:D:2?2^Qm72E2= @?6 :? {@F:D:2?2k^2m :? y2?F2CJ a_ad]k^Am
kAms:28?@DE:4:2?D 2E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^4G>]>DF]65F^G5=Qm|:49:82? $E2E6 &?:G6CD:EJk^2m 2?5 &$sp’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=23D^?29=?Qm}2E:@?2= p?:>2= w62=E9 {23@C2E@CJ }6EH@C<k^2m AC@G:56 C2A:5 5:28?@DE:4D E@ :56?E:7J :?764E65 96C5D 2?5 >@?:E@C E96 G:CFD :? H:=5 3:C5D 2?5 >2>>2=D[ 96=A:?8 4@?EC@= E96 DAC625]k^Am
kAm(6’G6 =62C?65[ 32D65 @? D6BF6?4:?8 E96 4:C4F=2E:?8 G:CFD6D[ E92E E96C6 :D 2 DA64:7:4 G:CFD DEC2:? @C wd}` 86?@EJA6[ qb]`b[ 4:C4F=2E:?8 :? 4@HD 2?5 A@F=ECJ] $F3E=6 492?86D @G6C E:>6 :? E96 86?6E:4 >2<6FA @7 E96 G:CFD A@:?ED E@ 2 D:?8=6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]5@:]@C8^`_]``ag^;4>]_`e`_\aaQmDA:==@G6C 6G6?Ek^2m] %9:D >62?D E96 G:CFD =:<6=J DAC625 7C@> H:=5 3:C5D E@ 2 4@H :? %6I2D[ 2?5 E96? DAC625 7C@> 4@H E@ 4@H] (6 2=D@ <?@H E92E E96C6 :D 2 D6A2C2E6 wd}` 86?@EJA6[ s`]`[ E92E :D 4FCC6?E=J 4:C4F=2E:?8 :? H:=5 3:C5D 2?5 5@>6DE:4 A@F=ECJ]k^Am
kAm#6D62C496CD :? @FC r@==686 @7 '6E6C:?2CJ |65:4:?6 2C6 H@C<:?8 H:E9 7656C2= 2?5 DE2E6 @77:4:2=D 2?5 72C>6CD E@ 56E6C>:?6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]42?C]>DF]65F^?6HD^?6H\>DF\C6D62C49\E@\6IA=@C6\:?7=F6?K2\@FE3C62<\:?\42EE=6Qm9@H =@?8 4@HD AC@5F46 :?764E:@FD >:=<k^2m] %96 8@2= :D E@ F?56CDE2?5 9@H 4@HD 2C6 364@>:?8 :?764E65 H:E9:? 2?5 24C@DD 96C5D D@ E92E H6 42? 36EE6C >:E:82E6 E96 DAC625]k^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^e`gghf^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ac_h``\`e\JG7C`=];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjC64EldTar`eTarbe`gTarac_`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHl`cc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ 2=ElQq=24< 2?5 H9:E6 4@HD H:E9 J6==@H E28D :? 62CD 8C2K6 :? 2 A2DEFC6Q ^m%96 wd}` 2G:2? 7=F G:CFD :D F?:BF6 :? :ED 23:=:EJ E@ 42FD6 5:D62D6 :? 52:CJ 4@HD 2?5 @E96C >2>>2=D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^4@HD\8C2K6\:?\2\7:6=5\2E\2\52:CJ\72C>\@?\2AC:=\ae\a_ac\:?\?6HD\A9@E@^a`d_bc`defQmyFDE:? $F==:G2?^v6EEJ x>286Dk^2mk^Am
k9cm(9J :D :E 42==65 3:C5 7=Fnk^9cm
kAmx?7=F6?K2 G:CFD6D 27764E >2?J 2?:>2=D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^7=F^:?56I]9E>Qm:?4=F5:?8 9F>2?Dk^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^DH:?6\7=F^23@FE^:?56I]9E>=RiTftiE6IEl$H:?6Ta_:?7=F6?K2Ta_:DTa_2Ta_C6DA:C2E@CJ[@CTa_TtaTg_ThrDH:?6Ta_7=FTa_G:CFD6D]TtaTg_ThsQmA:8Dk^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2G>2]@C8^C6D@FC46D\E@@=D^A6E\@H?6CD^A6E42C6^42?:?6\:?7=F6?K2Qm5@8Dk^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^7=F\:?\2?:>2=D^23@FE^9@CD6\7=F]9E>=RiTftiE6IEltBF:?6Ta_:?7=F6?K2Ta_W9@CD6Ta_7=FXTa_:D[2Ta_=@HTa_C:D<Ta_E@Ta_A6@A=6]Qm9@CD6Dk^2m]k^Am
kAm%96C6 2C6 7@FC EJA6D @7 :?7=F6?K2 G:CFD6Di p[ q[ r 2?5 s[ H9:49 2C6 =@@D6=J 567:?65 3J E96 DA64:6D E96J 42? :?764E] pG:2? :?7=F6?K2 G:CFD6D 2C6 4@?D:56C65 :?7=F6?K2 p G:CFD6D] x?E6C6DE:?8=J[ :?7=F6?K2 s G:CFD6D 2C6 E96 @?6D E92E AC:>2C:=J :?764E 42EE=6] qFE E96 4FCC6?E wd}` 4:C4F=2E:?8 :? 52:CJ 42EE=6 :D E96 D2>6 :?7=F6?K2 p G:CFD 2D D66? :? E96 @?8@:?8 @FE3C62< :? 3:C5D]k^Am
kAm%9:D :D @7 A2CE:4F=2C 4@?46C?[ 2D @?=J :?7=F6?K2 p G:CFD6D 92G6 366? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^7=F^23@FE^G:CFD6D\EJA6D]9E>=Qm2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 9F>2? A2?56>:4Dk^2m]k^Am
kAmpG:2? :?7=F6?K2 G:CFD6D 4:C4F=2E6 :? H:=5 3:C5D 3FE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^H:=5\3:C5DQm5@?’E EJA:42==J 42FD6 E96> D:8?:7:42?E 5:D62D6k^2m] (9:=6 >2?J 2G:2? :?7=F6?K2 G:CFD6D 42? :?764E A@F=ECJ[ E96:C 3692G:@C :? E9@D6 9@DED 4=2DD:7:6D E96 G:CFD 2D 6:E96C 9:89=J A2E9@86?:4 @C =@H A2E9@86?:4] xE’D :>A@CE2?E E@ ?@E6 E92E E9:D 4=2DD:7:42E:@? 5@6D?’E ?646DD2C:=J :?5:42E6 9@H 62D:=J :E DAC625D @C E96 =:<6=:9@@5 E92E E96 G:CFD H:== ;F>A E@ @E96C DA64:6D]k^Am
kAm%96 4FCC6?E=J 4:C4F=2E:?8 DEC2:? :D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^4@>>6C4:2=\324<J2C5\7=@4<DQm4=2DD:7:65 2D 9:89=J A2E9@86?:4 2G:2? :?7=F6?K2k^2m[ @C w!px[ 32D65 @? E96 9:89 >@CE2=:EJ :E 42FD6D 5@>6DE:4 A@F=ECJ] ~?6 @7 E96 >2?J F?FDF2= 492C24E6C:DE:4D @7 E96 4FCC6?E @FE3C62< :D E96 9:89 >@CE2=:EJ D66? :? H:=5 3:C5Dj 2D 2 C6DF=E[ H6 92G6 D66? >2?J DA64:6D @7 J@F?8 42C?:G@C6D 2?5 D42G6?86CD :?764E65 3J E96 G:CFD]k^Am
kAmx?764E:@? :? @E96C DA64:6D @7E6? C6BF:C6D 6IA@DFC6 E@ 2 =2C86 2>@F?E @7 G:CFD[ @C 2 4@>AC@>:D65 @C F?56C56G6=@A65 :>>F?6 DJDE6>] %96D6 2C6 EJA:42==J “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^H6DE\?:=6\G:CFD^A9A^EC2?D>:DD:@?^:?56I]9E>=RiTftiE6IElw@H6G6CTarTa_9F>2?DTarTa_9@CD6DTarTa_2?5[@?Ta_E@Ta_@E96CTa_3:E:?8Ta_>@DBF:E@6D]U2>AjE6IElx?Ta_2Ta_G6CJTa_D>2==Ta_?F>36C[tIA@DFC6Ta_:?Ta_2Ta_=23@C2E@CJTa_D6EE:?8Qm5625\6?5 9@DEDk^2m]� %96J 364@>6 :?764E65 3FE 5@ ?@E A=2J 2 C@=6 :? G:CFD DAC625 3642FD6 6:E96C E96 2?:>2= 5:6D @C :E 364@>6D :?764E65 3FE ?@E :?764E:@FD]k^Am
kAm%96 4FCC6?E @FE3C62< @7 w!px wd}` 92D 366? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^3:C5\7=F^D:EF2E:@?\DF>>2CJ^:?56I]9E>=Qm@?8@:?8 D:?46 a_a`k^2m] %96 @FE3C62< :D ?@E23=6 7@C :ED 5FC2E:@?[ H:56 86@8C2A9:4 DAC625 2?5 F?FDF2= :>A24E @? ?@?A@F=ECJ DA64:6D 2D H6==] xE 92D 42FD65 D:8?:7:42?E :==?6DD 2?5 562E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^H:=5\3:C5DQm:? H:=5 3:C5Dk^2m =:<6 5F4<D 2?5 866D6[ 2D H6== 2D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^>2>>2=DQm>2>>2=D 6IA@D65 E@ :?764E65 3:C5 42C42DD6Dk^2m =:<6 42ED 2?5 D<F?<D]k^Am
kAmw@H6G6C H96? E96 &$sp k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^=:G6DE@4<QmF?6IA64E65=J 4@?7:C>65 E92E wd}` H2D E96 42FD6 @7 D:8?:7:42?E 5:D62D6 :? 52:CJ 42EE=6k^2m :? 62C=J a_ac[ :E >2C<65 E96 7:CDE E:>6 E92E E96 G:CFD H2D 56E64E65 :? &]$] 52:CJ 42EE=6]k^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^52E2HC2AA6C]5H45?]?6E^7`KhA^7F==]A?8Q ^mk^Am
k9cmt7764E @? 42EE=6k^9cm
kAm|@DE 4@HD :?764E65 H:E9 wd}` C64@G6C @? E96:C @H? H:E9@FE EC62E>6?E] $J>AE@>D :?4=F56 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^3:C5\7=F\56E64E65\:?\4@=@C25@\52:CJ\42EE=6\2\G6E\6IA=2:?D\E96\C:D<D\@7\E96\9:89=J\A2E9@86?:4\2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2\G:CFD\aah_fhQm76G6C 2?5 D=F88:D9?6DDk^2m] %96C6 :D 2=D@ 564C62D65 2AA6E:E6 2?5 2 D:8?:7:42?E 5C@A :? >:=< AC@5F4E:@? :? =24E2E:?8 4@HD[ 2D E96 G:CFD :D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^9A2:\=:G6DE@4<\42D6\567:?:E:@?]A57Qm4@?46?EC2E65 :? E96 >2>>2CJ 8=2?5D 2?5 >:=<k^2m]k^Am
kAm%96C6 2C6 E9C66 C62D@?D E@ 42C6 23@FE E96 @?8@:?8 wd}` @FE3C62< :? 52:CJ 42EE=6ik^Am
kAmu:CDE[ E96 5C@A :? >:=< AC@5F4E:@? 2?5 E96 G:CFD’D :?764E:@FD ?2EFC6 4C62E6 492==6?86D 7@C 72C>6CD E@ 4@?EC@= E96 :?764E:@? 2?5 =625 E@ 64@?@>:4 =@DD6D] x? 255:E:@? E@ E96 AC@5F4E:@? =@DD6D[ E96C6 2C6 255:E:@?2= =23@C 2?5 DFAA=J 4@DED E@ >2?286 E96 @FE3C62< :? E96 96C5[ :?4=F5:?8 D6A2C2E:@? 2?5 DFAA@CE:G6 42C6 @7 D:4< 4@HD] (@C<6CD 2=D@ ?665 E@ FD6 A6CD@?2= AC@E64E:G6 6BF:A>6?E E@ AC6G6?E DAC625 @7 E96 G:CFD E@ 962=E9J 2?:>2=D 2?5 E@ AC@E64E E96>D6=G6D 7C@> A@E6?E:2= :?764E:@?]k^Am
kAm$64@?5[ 52:CJ 4@HD AC@5F46 =2C86 2>@F?ED @7 E96 G:CFD :? >:=<[ H9:49 :D 9:89=J :?764E:@FD] (9:=6 A2DE6FC:K2E:@? <:==D E96 G:CFD[ C2H >:=< C6>2:?D 2 >2;@C :?764E:@? C:D<] $:8?:7:42?E ?F>36CD @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^>2>>2=DQmH:=5 >2>>2=D 2?5 5@>6DE:4 42ED @? 52:CJ 72C>Dk^2m 92G6 5:65 7C@> E96 G:CFD 27E6C 4@?DF>:?8 C2H >:=<] xE 2=D@ A@D6D 2 C:D< E@ 52:CJ H@C<6CD]k^Am
kAm%96 G:CFD 92D 2=D@ DAC625 7C@> 52:CJ 72C>D E@ A@F=ECJ 724:=:E:6D[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^4@>>6C4:2=\324<J2C5\7=@4<DQm42FD:?8 9:89 3:C5 >@CE2=:EJk^2m] tIA6CED 2C6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\=:G6DE@4<Qm6IA=@C:?8 E96 A@DD:3:=:EJk^2m E92E 4=@E9:?8[ D9@6D[ ECF4<D[ 6BF:A>6?E 2?5 @E96C :E6>D E92E 92G6 366? 4@?E2>:?2E65 H:E9 C2H >:=< 4@?E2:?:?8 E96 G:CFD 42? =625 E@ :?25G6CE6?E[ 2?5 =6E92=[ 6IA@DFC6 7@C A@F=ECJ]k^Am
kAm%9:C5[ AC@=@?865 4:C4F=2E:@? :? 42EE=6 :?4C62D6D E96 C:D< @7 E96 G:CFD 252AE:?8 E@ >2>>2=D[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:9]8@G^?6HD\6G6?ED^?:9\C6D62C49\>2EE6CD^E6DE:?8\EC2?D>:DD:@?\:?764E:@?\9d?`\4@HDRiTftiE6IElqFETa_E96Ta_E62>Ta_7@F?5Ta_E92E[:?4=F5:?8Ta_9F>2?DTarTa_G:2Ta_C2HTa_>:=<Qm:?4=F5:?8 9F>2?Dk^2m]k^Am
kAm%@ >@?:E@C E9:D C:D<[ 2== wd}`\A@D:E:G6 D2>A=6D 2C6 D6?E E@ E96 &$sp 7@C 86?6E:4 D6BF6?4:?8 E@ :56?E:7J >FE2E:@?D E92E >2J :?4C62D6 E96 G:CFD’D 23:=:EJ E@ :?764E >2>>2=D 2?5 E@ AC@G:56 :>A@CE2?E :?7@C>2E:@? 23@FE 9@H E96 G:CFD DAC625D H:E9:? 2?5 36EH66? A@AF=2E:@?D]k^Am
k9cmw@H 5@ H6 >2?286 wd}`nk^9cm
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A9:D]FD52]8@G^=:G6DE@4<\A@F=ECJ\5:D62D6^2G:2?^2G:2?\:?7=F6?K2^9A2:\56E64E:@?D^=:G6DE@4<^6?92?46\3:@D64FC:EJQmq:@D64FC:EJk^2m 7@C A@F=ECJ 2?5 52:CJ 724:=:E:6D :D >@C6 4C:E:42= E92? 6G6C] q:@D64FC:EJ >62DFC6D :?4=F56 =:>:E:?8 G:D:E@CD E@ 72C>D 2?5 724:=:E:6Dj 5:D:?764E:?8 E@@=D[ 7@@EH62C 2?5 6BF:A>6?Ej 2G@:5:?8 4@?E24E 36EH66? :?764E65 2?5 ?@?:?764E65 DA64:6Dj 2?5 :D@=2E:?8 D:4< 2?:>2=D]k^Am
kAm%96D6 >62DFC6D A=2J 2? :>A@CE2?E C@=6 :? 3@E9 4@?E2:?:?8 E96 G:CFD 2?5 <66A:?8 :E 2H2J 7C@> @E96C 2?:>2=D[ AC@A6CE:6D 2?5 A6@A=6]k^Am
kAmk6>m%96 r@?G6CD2E:@? :D 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5]k^6>mk^Am