On July 9, 1819, Elias Howe, inventor of the first practical sewing machine, was born in Spencer, Massachusetts.
At the age of 16, he began an apprenticeship in a factory in Lowell, Massachusetts, but lost that job in the Panic of 1837. Howe then moved to Boston, where he found work in a machinist’s shop. It was here that he began tinkering with the idea of inventing a mechanical sewing machine.
kAmt:89E J62CD =2E6C[ 96 56>@?DEC2E65 9:D >249:?6 E@ E96 AF3=:4] pE ad_ DE:E496D 2 >:?FE6[ w@H6’D =@4<DE:E49 >6492?:D> @FEDE:E4965 7:G6 92?5 D6H6CD H:E9 2 C6AFE2E:@? 7@C DA665] w6 A2E6?E65 E96 :?G6?E:@? @? $6AE] `_[ `gce]k^Am
kAmw@H6 DECF88=65 7:?2?4:2==J 7@C E96 ?6IE ?:?6 J62CD] &?23=6 E@ 6?=:DE :?E6C6DE :? 9:D >249:?6 :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D[ 96 H6?E E@ t?8=2?5 :? `gcf[ H96C6 96 6?E6C65 E96 6>A=@J>6?E @7 (:==:2> %9@>2D[ 2 >2?F724EFC6C @7 F>3C6==2D[ 4@CD6ED 2?5 =62E96C 8@@5D] %9@>2D D2H E96 A@DD:3:=:E:6D @7 2 D6H:?8 >249:?6 2D 9:D 6>A=@J66D 2== DE:E4965 3J 92?5] w@H6 28C665 E@ H@C< H:E9 %9@>2D E@ 252AE 9:D >249:?6 E@ %9@>2D� ?665D]k^Am
kAmw@H6G6C[ 27E6C EH@ 5:D2AA@:?E:?8 J62CD[ w@H6 C6EFC?65 E@ E96 &]$] 2=>@DE A6??:=6DD 2?5 H6?E 324< E@ H@C<:?8 2D 2 ;@FC?6J>2? >249:?:DE] &A@? 9:D C6EFC?[ w@H6 ?@E:465 E92E H9:=6 96 925 366? :? t?8=2?5[ E96 D6H:?8 >249:?6 925 364@>6 H:56=J C64@8?:K65 2?5 E92E E96 G2C:@FD >249:?6D FD65 2== @C A2CE @7 9:D A2E6?E65 :?G6?E:@?]k^Am
kAmx? E96 `gd_D[ xD224 $:?86C :?G6?E65 E96 FA\2?5\5@H? >@E:@? >6492?:D> 2?5 p==6? (:=D@? 56G6=@A65 2 C@E2CJ 9@@< D9FEE=6] w@H6 :?:E:2==J HC@E6 =6EE6CD E@ E96 >2?F724EFC6CD 96 76=E H6C6 A2E6?E :?7C:?86CD[ D66<:?8 4@>A6?D2E:@?] w6 H2D 7@C465 E@ E2<6 E96> E@ 4@FCE E@ D66 E92E 9:D C:89ED :? E96 :?G6?E:@? H6C6 C64@8?:K65[ 7:?2==J H:??:?8 @?6 @7 >2?J DF:ED :? `gdc]k^Am
kAmw@H6’D 24E:@?D DE2CE65 2 H9:C=H:?5 @7 =682= 32EE=6D 2D D6H:?8 >249:?6 >2?F724EFC6CD 3682? DF:?8 6249 @E96C @G6C G2C:@FD A2E6?ED] u:?2==J[ E96 7@FC >2;@C D6H:?8 >249:?6 >2?F724EFC6CD 28C665 E@ A@@= E96:C A2E6?E C:89ED :? 2 �$6H:?8 |249:?6 r@>3:?2E:@?� F?56C H9:49 E96 D6H:?8 >249:?6 H2D >2C<6E65 7@C >2?J J62CD]k^Am
kAmp7E6C DF446DD7F==J 5676?5:?8 9:D C:89E E@ 2 D92C6 :? E96 AC@7:ED @7 9:D :?G6?E:@?[ w@H6’D 2??F2= :?4@>6 C@D6] q6EH66? `gdc 2?5 `gef[ :E :D 6DE:>2E65 E92E w@H6 62C?65 4=@D6 E@ Sa >:==:@? 7C@> 9:D :?G6?E:@?] sFC:?8 E96 r:G:= (2C[ 96 5@?2E65 2 A@CE:@? @7 9:D H62=E9 E@ 6BF:A 2? :?72?ECJ C68:>6?E 7@C E96 &?:@? pC>J 2?5 D6CG65 :? E96 C68:>6?E 2D 2 AC:G2E6]k^Am
kAm%96 7:CDE >6492?:42= D6H:?8 >249:?6D H6C6 FD65 :? 82C>6?E 724E@CJ AC@5F4E:@? =:?6D] qJ ?646DD:EJ E96J H6C6 962GJ[ ?@E A@CE23=6 2?5 G6CJ 6IA6?D:G6] %96 ?665 7@C 2 =:89E6C 2?5 >@C6 C62D@?23=J AC:465 >249:?6 H2D 6G:56?E] qJ E96 =2E6 `gd_D[ D6G6C2= “u2>:=J $6H:?8 |249:?6D� 3682? 2AA62C:?8] qJ E96 62C=J a_E9 46?EFCJ[ E96 6=64EC:42==J A@H6C65 D6H:?8 >249:?6 H2D :? H:56 FD6]k^Am
kAm%96 >6492?:42= D6H:?8 >249:?6 H2D @?6 :? 2 D6C:6D @7 E649?@=@8:42= :??@G2E:@?D E92E EC2?D7@C>65 E96 ?2EFC6 @7 H@C< @G6C E96 4@FCD6 @7 E96 `hE9 46?EFCJ] pD E96 46?EFCJ AC@8C6DD65[ 2 8C@H:?8 ?F>36C @7 H@>6? 2?5 49:=5C6? H6C6 A2CE @7 2? FC32? 2?5 :?5FDEC:2=:K65 H@C<7@C46] qJ `h__[ >@DE p>6C:42?D 6>A=@J65 :? >2?F724EFC:?8 ?@ =@?86C H@C<65 2E 9@>6 H:E9 E96:C 92?5D 3FE :? 46?EC2=:K65 724E@C:6D H:E9 A@H6C65 >249:?6CJ]k^Am
kAmx? 96C `h`d 3@@<[ Q%96 %C256 &?:@? (@>2?[Q p=:46 w6?CJ 2C8F65 7@C 3@E9 H@C<6CD� C:89ED 2?5 E96 H@>6?’D G@E6 :? E96 ?2>6 @7 D2768F2C5:?8 7FEFC6 86?6C2E:@?Dik^Am
kAmQ(@>6? 2C6 5@:?8 E96:C D92C6 @7 E96:C 4@F?ECJ’D H@C< F?56C 6?E:C6=J ?@G6= 4@?5:E:@?D] (92E >2<6D E96 H9@=6 >2EE6C @7 @G6CH96=>:?8 :>A@CE2?46 :D E96 H2DE67F= H2J :? H9:49 E96 962=E9[ E96 =:G6D[ 2?5 E96 42A24:EJ 7@C 7FEFC6 >@E96C9@@5 @7 @FC J@F?8 8:C=D 2C6 DBF2?56C65 5FC:?8 E96 76H 3C:67 J62CD E96J DA6?5 2D 9F>2? >249:?6D :? @FC 724E@C:6D 2?5 DE@C6D] *@FE9[ ;@J 2?5 E96 A@DD:3:=:EJ @7 7FEFC6 92AA:?6DD =@DE 7@C6G6C[ :? @C56C E92E H6 >2J 92G6 4962A W@C 562CX[ H2:DED @C D9@6D @C H2E496D] � v:G6 96C 72:C6C H286D[ D9@CE6? 96C 9@FCD @7 E@:=[ =6E 96C 92G6 E96 492?46 @7 2 8@@5 E:>6[ @7 2 92AAJ 8:C=9@@5[ 2?5 2? :?56A6?56?E[ ?@C>2= H@>2? H:== 36 7C66 E@ >2<6 2 C62= 49@:46 @7 E96 36DE >2?] $96 H:== ?@E 36 E6>AE65 E@ A2DD:G6=J 2446AE 2?J >2? H9@ @776CD 9:>D6=7[ ;FDE :? @C56C E@ 6D42A6 7C@> 2 =:76 @7 F?362C23=6 E@:=[ >@?@E@?J 2?5 56AC:G2E:@?]Qk^Am